regional

Regional Economic Resilience: Review and Outlook

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Regional Economic Resilience: Review and Outlook by Simone Maria Grabner.

This chapter aims, first, to trace the advancement of resilience thinking in regional science and economic geography. Second, highlight achievements but also some shortcomings past research on resilience, third, outline elements a future agenda suited contemporary challenges. The in-depth analysis literature suggests, that much progress has been made defining identifying determinants. However, paper proposes may benefit greatly from diversifying focus empirical studies incorporating socio-economic differences between urban rural areas urbanisation externalities into resilience.

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Comparison of latent and sensible heat fluxes over boreal lakes with concurrent fluxes over a forest: implications for regional averaging

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Comparison of latent and sensible heat fluxes over boreal lakes with concurrent fluxes over a forest: implications for regional averaging by Ari Venäläinen, Michael Frech, Martti Heikinheimo, Achim Grelle.

The seasonal and diurnal variation of latent, sensible, heat fluxes above two boreal-zone lakes an adjacent coniferous forest was studied using data from the NOPEX field campaigns in 1994 1995. Heat over were estimated with bulk aerodynamic method those eddy-correlation method. night-time latent flux, while non-existent forest, significant during all summer months. day-time flux peaked, on average, afternoon, maximum occurred around noon. differences supply between surface types varied within(60‐80) W m ˇ2 , depending month time day. monthly mean higher than that May, June July about equal; August‐September, lake values exceeded forest. sensible reached its near noon, but early morning. An excess up to 200 found comparison mid-day hours. From May August, lakes. difference exchange also based airborne measurements made aircraft flying at a height 100 m. For flight legs consisting 15% portion lake, leg-averaged was, 2% lower 9% lower, compared leg fully-forested terrain. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements Using Stable Xenon Enhanced Computed Tomography

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Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements Using Stable Xenon Enhanced Computed Tomography by P. R.S. Kishore, Gopala U. V. Rao, Richard E. Fernandez, Richard L. Keenan, Ganesh D. Arora, Philip Gadisseux, Lauraine M. Stewart, Abund O. Wist, Panos P. Fatouros, David C. Dillard, Candy K. Watson.

Several theoretical and practical aspects of regional cerebral blood flow measurements using stable xenon gas CT are discussed. It is shown that by comparing the enhancement at any time T1 with saturation or other T2, need to use arbitrary means bring arterial concentration data same system measurement units can be eliminated. If performed continuously during washin phase, say intervals 1 min, least squares analysis used obtain best possible estimates for rate constant kappa enhancement. However, if only a limited number scans performed, as may case in human studies, it also get good estimate from knowledge ratio T2. Combinations = 2.0 min T2 4.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 were found most convenient. end-tidal exhaled air accurately assessed indirectly measuring oxygen, CO2, water vapor concentrations, thereby eliminating more expensive methods involving mass spectrometer thermal conductivity analyzer.

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Regional Collaboration to Conserve Crop Genetic Resources

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Regional Collaboration to Conserve Crop Genetic Resources by Detlef Virchow, Murthi Anishetty.

The supply of genetic resources is decreasing, while at the same time, demand increasing. Consequently, it crucial to conserve existing diversity. quality conservation, including security conserved material, depends on sufficient and sustainable allocation financial conservation efforts, among other issues. Despite fact that International Fund for financing efforts has been reactivated through ITPGR, many countries face severe shortcomings. One solution solving limitations cooperation regional level. This contribution will provide an overview collaborations highlight opportunities funding collaborations, especially as applied Pacific region.

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Renewing rural and regional teacher education curriculum

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Renewing rural and regional teacher education curriculum by Simone White, Jodie Kline.

Recruiting and retaining well-prepared teachers for rural regional schools, remains an ongoing issue faced by all State based jurisdictions in Australia. Based on recent national research, focused meeting the needs of teacher educators to better support new prepare experience success as locations, this ALTC funded project, Renewing Rural Regional Teacher Education Curriculum (RRRTEC) set out address investigating what education could do differently workforce needs. As a result two year study involving further materials audits curriculum development, website has been created designed specifically publicly freely access use. The RRRTEC is located at www.rrrtec.net.au. accessible resource educators, principals, mentors others supporting schools. Focusing classroom, school community, it provides range high quality resources that will provide easy pedagogical strategies their students.

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Regional patterns of particulate spectral absorption in the Pearl River estuary

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Regional patterns of particulate spectral absorption in the Pearl River estuary by Wenxi Cao, Yuezhong Yang, Xiaoqiang Xu, Liangmin Huang, Jianlin Zhang.

Spectral absorption coefficients of the total particulate, a(p)(lambda), nonalgal a(d)(lambda), and phytoplankton pigment, a(ph)(lambda), in Pearl River estuary its vicinity waters were determined using quantitative filter technique. The particulate ap(443) ranged from 0.04 to 1.82 m(-1), with corresponding a(ph)(443) ranging 0.016 0.484 m(-1). Two typical spectral patterns are found for absorption. For first pattern, spectra similar that values coefficient decreasing wavelength. In contrast, second pattern absorptions by very pigment. dependency follows an exponential increase toward short wavelengths, average slope 0.012 +/- 0.002 nm(-1). fraction exhibit a distinct trend salinity surface water. Phytoplankton pigment exhibits clear increasing nonlinearly chlorophyll concentration. relationships between concentration can be described power law, determination r(2) 0.82. But only weak a(p)(lambda) observed, 0.42. relatively large scatter around versus chl-a relationship would attributed effects loading Our analysis indicated such Case I applicable optically complex II if caused corrected. chlorophyll-specific not constant, it increases level. To improve accuracy bio-optical algorithms remote sensing coastal waters, further investigations on variations specific must made.

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The effect of walking on regional blood flow and acetylcholine in the hippocampus in conscious rats

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The effect of walking on regional blood flow and acetylcholine in the hippocampus in conscious rats by Kaori Nakajima, Sae Uchida, Atsuko Suzuki, Harumi Hotta, Yoshihiro Aikawa.

Recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that stimulation of the septal complex (i.e., medial nucleus and diagonal band) increases extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) release and, consequently, results an increase regional cerebral blood flow hippocampus (Hpc CBF) via activation nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) [Neurosci. Lett. 107 (1989) 135; Neurosci. 112 (1990a) 263]. The present study aimed to examine effects walking on Hpc CBF, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, conscious rats. Walking at a moderate speed (4 cm/s) treadmill for 30 s produced CBF mean arterial pressure (MAP), reaching +/- 1% 105 prewalking control values, respectively. 3 min space hippocampus. during was attenuated mecamylamine (abbreviated as MEC here; 2 mg/kg, i.v.), nAChR antagonist permeable blood-brain barrier (BBB), but not hexamethonium (denoted C6 20 impermeable BBB, while walking-induced MAP abolished either agent. response were altered atropine ATR 0.5 muscarinic AChR BBB. N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, reduced responses reversed following intravenous (i.v.) administration physiological precursor NO, L-arginine (600 mg/kg). suggest is independent attributable least nAChRs cholinergic vasodilator nerves projecting production NO

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Consistency and Reconciliation Model In Regional Development Planning

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Consistency and Reconciliation Model In Regional Development Planning by Dina Suryawati, Selfi Budi Helpiastuti.

The aim of this study was to identify the problems and determine conceptual model regional development planning. Regional planning is a systemic, complex unstructured process. Therefore, used soft systems methodology outline issues with structured approach. s that were successfully constructed in are consistency reconciliation. process well – integrated central inter-regional documents. Integration documents very important order achieve goals have been set. On other hand, region involves technocratic system , both top-down bottom-up participat ion . Both must be balanced, do not overlap dominate each other.  regional, development, planning, consistency, reconciliation

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