Techniques for fluorescence detection of protoporphyrin IX in skin cancers associated with photodynamic therapy by Kishore Rollakanti, Stephen C. Kanick, Scott C. Davis, Brian W. Pogue, Edward V. Maytin.
Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that uses specific photosensitizing agent, molecular oxygen, and light of particular wavelength to kill cells targeted by the therapy. Topically administered aminolevulinic acid (ALA) widely used effectively treat cancerous precancerous skin lesions, resulting in tissue damage little no scarring. The targeting aspect arises from fact ALA preferentially converted into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) neoplastic cells. To monitor amount PpIX tissues, techniques have been developed measure PpIX-specific fluorescence, which provides information useful for monitoring abundance location photosensitizer before during illumination phase PDT. This review summarizes current state these fluorescence detection techniques. Non-invasive devices are available point measurements, or wide-field optical imaging, enable superficial tissues. gain access at greater depths, multi-modal being combine fluorescent measurements with ultrasound coherence tomography, microscopic such as confocal multiphoton approaches. tools present, newer under development, offer promise better enabling clinicians inform guide PDT planning, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes patients.